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Chapter 3: Specifications
3–3
Functional Description
Character Codes
In addition to 256 data characters, the 8b/10b code defines thirteen out-of-band
indicators, also called special control characters. The 256 data characters are named
D x.y , and the special control characters are named K x.y —except for the special code
10B_ERR (see Table 3–1 on page 3–3 ). The x value corresponds to the five-bit group,
and the y value to the three-bit group.
The special control characters indicate, for example, whether the data is idle, test data,
or data delimiters. In applications where encoded characters are transmitted bit-
serially, the comma character (K28.5) is usually used for alignment purposes as its 10-
bit code is guaranteed not to occur elsewhere in the encoded bit stream, except after
K28.7 which is normally only sent during diagnostic.
Table 3–1 lists the special K codes used by the MegaCore function.
Table 3–1. Character Codes
10-Bit Special K Codes
K28.0
K28.1
K28.2
K28.3
K28.4
K28.5 (1)
K28.6
K28.7
K23.7
K27.7
K29.7
K30.7
10B_ERR
Equivalent 8-Bit Codes
8'b000_11100
8'b001_11100
8'b010_11100
8'b011_11100
8'b100_11100
8'b101_11100
8'b110_11100
8'b111_11100
8'b111_10111
8'b111_11011
8'b111_11101
8'b111_11110
8'b111_11111
Note to Table 3–1 :
(1) K28.5 is a comma character used for alignment purposes, and to represent the IDLE code.
Encoder
To encode an 8-bit word, the 8-bit value must be applied to the datain inputs and the
ena input must be asserted (active high).
When one of the thirteen special 10-bit codes is to be inserted, the equivalent 8-bit
code is placed on the datain lines and the kin input is asserted. The MegaCore
function performs error checking to ensure the out-of-band 8-bit code is valid. If not,
the kerr output is asserted. See Table 3–1 for a list of the valid K codes.
1
Although the 10B_ERR code is considered to be an invalid special character, it does
not cause the kerr signal to be asserted.
Idle (K28.5) characters can be automatically inserted when ena is not asserted by
asserting the idle_ins input.
May 2011
Altera Corporation
8B10B Encoder/Decoder MegaCore Function User Guide
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